在数学上，证明是在一个特定的公理系统中，根据一定的规则或标准，由公理和定理推导出某些命题的过程。比起证据，数学证明一般依靠演绎推理，而不是依靠自然归纳和经验性的理据。这样推导出来的命题也叫做该系统中的定理。

数学证明创建在逻辑之上，但通常会包含若干程度的自然语言，因此可能会产生一些含糊的部分。实际上，用文本形式写成的数学证明，在大多数情况都可以视为非形式逻辑的应用。在证明论的范畴内，则考虑那些用纯形式化的语言写出的证明。这个区别导致了对过往到现在的数学实践、数学上的拟经验论和民俗数学的大部分检验。数学哲学就关注语言和逻辑在数学证明中的角色，和作为语言的数学。

In mathematics, a proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement. In the argument, other previously established statements, such as theorems, can be used. In principle, a proof can be traced back to self-evident or assumed statements, known as axioms, along with accepted rules of inference. Axioms may be treated as conditions that must be met before the statement applies. Proofs are examples of deductive reasoning and are distinguished from inductive or empirical arguments; a proof must demonstrate that a statement is always true (occasionally by listing all possible cases and showing that it holds in each), rather than enumerate many confirmatory cases. An unproved proposition that is believed true is known as a conjecture.