Theora是一个免权利金、开放格式的有损影像压缩技术，由Xiph.Org基金会开发，该基金会还开发了著名的声音编码技术Vorbis，以及多媒体容器文件格式Ogg。libtheora则是Xiph.Org基金会针对Theora格式的实作。

Theora是由On2 Technologies公司专属的VP3编码器，经过开放源代码后衍生而来，目标是达成比MPEG-4 Part 2更好的编码效率。Theora的命名来自于一个电视节目Max Headroom中的角色：Theora Jones。

Theora is a free lossy video compression format. It is developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and distributed without licensing fees alongside their other free and open media projects, including the Vorbis audio format and the Ogg container.

The libtheora video codec is the reference implementation of the Theora video compression format being developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation.