克里斯蒂安·马蒂亚斯·特奥多尔·蒙森（德语：Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen，1817年11月30日－1903年11月1日），德国古典学者、法学家、历史学家、记者、政治家、考古学家、作家，1902年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。蒙森早年在基尔大学攻读法律和语言学，一八四二年获哲学博士学位。后长期在大学教授历史，对古代史，特别是罗马史有精湛的研究。 他关于罗马历史的作品对当代的研究仍十分重要。他也是一个突出的政治家，曾是普鲁士和德国的国会议员。他对罗马法和债法的研究对德国民法典有着重大的影响。

Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist and writer generally regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902 for being "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome", after having been nominated by 18 members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code (BGB).