Now I own all the means of production.

现在我拥有所有的生产资料。

In a socialist system, the means of production are under collective ownership.

在社会主义制度下，生产资料实行集体所有制。

For Karl Marx, stratification is based on different relations to the means of production.

对于卡尔马克思来说，分层是基于与生产资料的不同关系。

This theory imagines society as having different classes based on their relationships to the means of production – things like factories and raw materials.

这一理论将社会根据人和生产资料（工厂/原材料）的关系，将人分为不同的阶级。

Collectivism is the system of ownership and control of the means of production by the people collectively, usually under the supervision of a government.

集体主义是指在政府的监督下，由人民集体拥有和控制生产资料的制度。

Weber didn’t think that society was divided purely based on economic classes, or your relationship to the means of production, like Marx did.

韦伯并不像马克思那样认为社会的划分纯粹是基于经济阶层，或者你与生产资料的关系。

It’s this difference in who controls the means of production, Marx said, that leads to exploitation in capitalism, in the form of wage labor.

马克思说，正是这种谁控制生产资料的差异导致资本主义以雇佣劳动的形式出现剥削。

If the proletariat lack access to the means of production, he argued, then they only have one thing they can sell: their labor.

他认为，如果无产阶级无法获得生产资料，那么他们只能出卖一件东西：他们的劳动力。

Under capitalism, the two classes were the capitalists, or bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the workers, or proletariat, who must sell their labor to survive.

资本主义社会存在两个阶级，资本家，也就是资产阶级，是生产资料的所有者，而工人，也就是无产阶级，则必须出卖劳力求生。

If we go by Marx’s definition, we have two classes: the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who do the labor.

如果按照马克思的定义，我们有两个阶级：拥有生产资料的资产阶级和从事劳动的无产阶级。

One way of thinking about the means of production is as the inanimate part – the actual, physical stuff – that makes up the forces of production.

思考生产资料的一种方式是将其视为构成生产力的无生命部分——实际的、有形的东西。

At the simplest level, one class controls the means of production, which allows them to extract labor from the other class, which controls only their own labor.

在最简单的层面上，一个阶级控制着生产资料，这使他们能够从另一个阶级那里榨取劳动力，而另一个阶级只控制他们自己的劳动力。