The lower classes became a reliable source of labor.

下层阶级成为了可靠的劳动力来源。

No longer would nursing be something for nuns and the lower classes.

护理不再是修女和下层阶级的事情。

During this period, the lower classes experienced sordid working and living conditions.

在工业革命期间，较低阶层的人们活在肮葬恶劣的工作和生活环境下。

Thus, Austen never features or gives voice to the lower classes and servants.

因此，奥斯汀从未特意描写过下层社会和仆人，亦或是让他们有只言片语。

So it could not have started in the lower classes and worked its way up.

所以不可能从底层阶级开始，然后逐步向上发展。

We have the lower class, the working class who escape from the city for the freedoms of theatre.

又有一群下层劳动者逃离城市而追求戏剧的自由。

Most notably, it says here it began in the lower classes and percolated up to the higher classes.

最值得注意的是，这里说的是从下层阶级开始，一直渗透到较高的阶层。

The lower classes and a handful of crew left behind, had to build their own makeshift raft for 147 people.

下层阶级和少数船员不得不为他们自己建造能够容纳147人的临时救生艇。

And the lower class also includes many Americans who are living in poverty.

而下层阶级还包括许多生活贫困的美国人。

It's a way to put the working person down, the lower classes down.

这是贬低劳动人民、贬低下层阶级的一种方式。

Signs are for the religious, the superstitious and the lower class.

启示是留给虔诚的教徒，迷信者和下层阶级的。

And just as vulnerable to economic downturns, if not more so, is the lower class.

同样容易受到经济衰退影响的是下层阶级，如果不是更容易的话。

He has a pair of hounds who have caught another victim, maybe they were poachers, hair coursing was illegal for the lower classes.

他有一对猎犬，他们抓住了另一个受害者，也许他们是偷猎者，对下层阶级来说，猎毛是非法的。

The two social classes in early Rome were the patricians, which consisted of the upper class and the lower class called the plebeians.

早期罗马社会中有两个社会阶层一个是贵族，包括上层社会，下层社会叫做plebeian。

The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.

这个短语一直被下层阶级用来贬义甚至开玩笑。

From these numbers, the general picture emerges that industrialization did bring income  growth, even for the lower classes.

从这些数字可以看出，工业化确实带来了收入增长，即使对于下层阶级也是如此。

While most of these improvements were a welcome change, other conditions negatively affected the  lives of the lower classes.

虽然这些改进中的大部分都是可喜的变化，但其他条件对下层阶级的生活产生了负面影响。

" Bah! I don't believe all that, it's professional jealousy among the lower classes, " said the comte de Caylus.

“呸！我不相信这一切， 这是下层阶级之间的职业嫉妒， ” 德凯卢斯伯爵说。

Like a snake shedding its skin, exploitation had to give way to an understanding  and acknowledgment of the lower classes.

就像蛇蜕皮一样，剥削必须让位于下层阶级的理解和承认。

And if we look at Homer's salary there it places him pretty comfortably in the lower middle class income bracket.

如果我们看看 Homer 的薪水，就会发现他处于中低收入阶层。