残酷戏剧 (法语：Théâtre de la cruauté)是先锋派剧作家、演员、评论家及理论家安托南·阿尔托在其著作《戏剧及其重影》中阐述的一种戏剧形式。阿尔托起初是超现实主义运动的成员之一，最终开始发展自己的戏剧理论。残酷戏剧可被看作是与传统西方戏剧的决裂，也是艺术家们用来攻击观众意识的工具，并让他们体会到潜意识里未表达的情感。尽管阿尔托一生中仅创作了一部反映残酷戏剧基本原则的戏剧，但很多戏剧艺术家的作品都反映了残酷戏剧的理论。这些艺术家包括让·热内、耶日·葛罗托斯基和彼得·布鲁克。

The Theatre of Cruelty (French:Théâtre de la Cruauté) is a form of theatre developed by avant-garde playwright, actor, essayist, and theorist, Antonin Artaud, in The Theatre and its Double. Originally a member of the surrealist movement, Artaud eventually began to develop his own theatrical theories. The Theatre of Cruelty can be seen as break with traditional Western theatre, and a means by which artists assault the senses of the audience, and allow them to feel the unexpressed emotions of the subconscious. While Artaud was only able to produce one play in his lifetime that reflected the tenets of the Theatre of Cruelty, the works of many theatre artists reflect his theories. These artists include Jean Genet, Jerzy Grotowski, and Peter Brook.