铊（拼音：tā，注音：ㄊㄚ；英语：thallium）是一种化学元素，符号为Tl，原子序为81。铊是一种质软的灰色贫金属，在自然界中并不以单质存在。铊金属外表和锡相似，但会在空气中失去光泽。两位化学家威廉·克鲁克斯和克洛德-奥古斯特·拉米在1861年独立发现了这一元素。他们都是在硫酸反应残留物中发现了铊，并运用了当时新发明的火焰光谱法对其进行了鉴定，观测到铊会产生明显的绿色谱线。其名称「Thallium」由克鲁克斯提出，来自希腊文中的「θαλλός」（thallos），即「绿芽」之意。翌年，拉米用电解法成功分离出铊金属。

Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production. Both used the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy, in which thallium produces a notable green spectral line. Thallium, from Greek θαλλός, thallos, meaning "a green shoot or twig," was named by Crookes. It was isolated by both Lamy and Crookes in 1862; Lamy by electrolysis and Crookes by precipitation and melting of the resultant powder. Crookes exhibited it as a powder precipitated by Zinc at the International exhibition which opened on the first of May, that year.