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单词 Telomerisation
释义

Telomerisation

中文百科

端粒酶 Telomerase

(重定向自Telomerisation)
端粒酶的分子结构
端粒酶和DNA聚合酶制造端粒的顺序

端粒酶(Telomerase)是一种由RNA和蛋白质组成的核糖核蛋白复合体,属于反转录酶,与端粒的调控机理密切相关。人类的端粒酶亚单位基因已被复制出来,分别是端粒酶RNA(hTR)、端粒酶结合蛋白(hTP1)、端粒酶活性催化单位(hTERT)。它以自身的RNA作为端粒DNA复制的模板,合成出富含脱氧单磷酸鸟苷(Deoxyguanosine Monophosphate,dGMP)的DNA串行后添加到染色体的末端并与端粒蛋白质结合,从而稳定了染色体的结构。但是,在正常人体细胞中,端粒酶的活性受到相当严密的调控,只有在造血细胞、干细胞和生殖细胞,这些必须不断分裂复制的细胞之中,才可以侦测到具有活性的端粒酶。当细胞分化成熟后,必须负责身体中各种不同组织的需求,各司其职,于是,端粒酶的活性就会渐渐的消失。对细胞来说,本身是否能持续分裂复制下去并不重要,而是分化成熟的细胞将背负更重大的使命,就是让组织器官运作,使生命延续。端粒酶在保持端粒稳定、基因组完整、细胞长期的活性和潜在的继续增殖能力等方面有重要作用。端粒酶的存在,就是把DNA复制机制的缺陷填补起来,即由把端粒修复延长,可以让端粒不会因细胞分裂而有所损耗,使得细胞分裂复制的次数增加。

英语百科

Telomerase 端粒酶

(重定向自Telomerisation)
Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit, TERT, bound to putative RNA template and telomeric DNA (PDB 3KYL)
An image illustrating how telomerase elongates telomere ends progressively.
Figure 4:A) Tumor cells expressing hTERT will actively degrade some of the protein and process for presenting. The major histocompatibility complex 1(MHC1), can then present the hTERT epitote. CD8- T cells that have antibodies against hTERT will then bind to the presented epitote. B) As a result of the antigenic binding, the T cells will release cytotoxins, which can be absorbed by the affected cell. C) These cytotoxins induce multiple proteases and results in apoptosis (or cell death).

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of a eukaryotic chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighbouring chromosomes. Telomerase, active in normal stem cells, is normally absent from, or at very low levels in, most somatic cells.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 4:59:08