Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion.

写论文需要学生深入思考，组织技术讨论，收集能说服其他科学家的论据，并遵循严谨、正式地陈述论据和讨论的规则。