鞑靼利亚（拉丁语：Tartaria）是中世纪至20世纪初欧洲人对于中亚的里海至东北亚鞑靼海峡一带的称呼，尤指蒙古帝国没落后泛突厥人和蒙古人等游牧民族散居的区域，在当时的语境下包括中亚诸汗国、天山南北路、蒙古诸部、满洲等。「鞑靼利亚」是欧洲探险家绘制的地图里常用的地理用词。

在欧洲文献里有时将「China」理解为汉人聚居的关内十八省，而将元、明、清朝境内北部的蒙古族和满族列入「鞑靼利亚」之中，两者并列。譬如法国传教士古伯察在1857年出版的《Christianity in China, Tartary, and *****》有言「在印度，拜火的摩尼教徒被印度教徒驱逐，最终在Tatary、*****和China的人民之中苟延残存。」

Tartary (Latin: Tartaria) or Great Tartary (Latin: Tartaria Magna) was a name used from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, inhabited mostly by Turkic peoples after the Mongols' invasion. It incorporated the current areas of Pontic-Caspian steppe, Volga-Urals, Caucasus, Siberia, Turkestan, Mongolia, and Manchuria. Originally, Tartary name was nickname of Mongol people of Great Mongolian Empire.