塔什干（乌兹别克斯坦语：Toshkent, Тошкент；俄语：Ташкент）是乌兹别克斯坦首都，是全国的政治、经济、文化和科研中心也是塔什干州的首府（分为11个部分，但并包括塔什干）。塔什干市面积334,8km²，2013年共有人口2,340,900人，就其人口而言是独联体国家中第5大城市。

在十六世纪末，乌兹别克斯坦人与哈萨克斯坦汗国作战失利，签约把塔什干城与附近草原交给哈萨克斯坦汗国240年，城中也有很多哈萨克斯坦人定居，后来于18世纪，浩罕汗国成立，由一位名为羽奴思的和卓夺回塔什干，再回到乌兹别克斯坦人手中（之前哈萨克斯坦中玉兹汗阿布赉曾经出兵夺回此地）。

Tashkent (/ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/; Uzbek:Toshkent, Тошкент [tɒʃˈkent]; Russian:Ташкент, [tɐʂˈkʲɛnt]; literally "Stone City") is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. The officially registered population of the city in 2012 was about 2,309,300.

Due to its position in Central Asia, Tashkent came under Sogdian and Turkic influence early in its history, before Islam in the 8th century AD. After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219, the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire, and in Soviet times witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. Today, as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority.