塔尔塔罗斯（Τάρταρος, Tartarus），是希腊神话中“地狱”的代名词。在混沌（卡俄斯）中，世界由大地之母盖亚创立，她的身体中轻飘的物质上升成为天空（称为“乌拉诺斯”），沉重的物质则下沉成为阴暗的地域，就是塔耳塔罗斯。

塔尔塔罗斯是人死后灵魂的归所，用冥河与人间世界连通。神话中，主神宙斯囚禁了父亲万神之王克罗诺斯而取得天、地、海和地狱的统治权之后，自己留下天空和万神之主的身份，把大地留给自己的祖母盖亚，把海洋赠给自己的哥哥波塞顿，地狱则被送给自己的大哥哈得斯，这样，在神话中的哈得斯就成为地狱的代名词（事实上他是冥王）。

Tartarus (/ˈtɑːrtərəs/; Greek: Τάρταρος Tartaros), in ancient Greek mythology, is the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. As far below Hades as the earth is below the heavens, Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato in Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls were judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Like other primal entities (such as the Earth, Night and Time), Tartarus was also considered to be a primordial force or deity.