隐性知识是迈克尔·波兰尼（Michael Polanyi）在1958年从哲学领域提出的概念。他在对人类知识的哪些方面依赖于信仰的考查中，偶然地发现这样一个事实，即这种信仰的因素是知识的隐性部分所固有的。波兰尼认为：“人类的知识有两种。通常被描述为知识的，即以书面文本、图表和数学公式加以表述的，只是一种类型的知识。而未被表述的知识，像我们在做某事的行动中所拥有的知识，是另一种知识。”他把前者称为显性知识，而将后者称为隐性知识，按照波兰尼的理解，显性知识是能够被人类以一定符码系统（最典型的是语言，也包括数学公式、各类图表、盲文、手势语、旗语等诸种符号形式）加以完整表述的知识。隐性知识和显性知识相对，是指那种我们知道但难以言述的知识。

Tacit knowledge (as opposed to formal, codified or explicit knowledge) is the kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it. For example, that London is in the United Kingdom is a piece of explicit knowledge that can be written down, transmitted, and understood by a recipient. However, the ability to speak a language, knead dough, play a musical instrument, or design and use complex equipment requires all sorts of knowledge that is not always known explicitly, even by expert practitioners, and which is difficult or impossible to explicitly transfer to other users.