Table sugar, sucrose, is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

餐桌糖，蔗糖，是由一个分子的的葡萄糖和一个分子的果糖组成的。

There's a scale for measuring sugar sweetness that rates sucrose from a table sugar at one.

有一种用于测量糖甜度的量表，它将食糖中的蔗糖评分为 1。

Sucrose, or table sugar, is another disaccharide and it's formed when fructose links up with glucose.

蔗糖是另一种双糖，又称白砂糖，它是由一分子果糖和一分子葡萄糖结合而成。

They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine.

他们通过给不同批次分别含有甜蔗糖和苦奎宁的樱桃花粉系上标签的方法进行研究，并得到了上述结论。

Possibly the worst is fructose, a component of table sugar that directly worsens insulin resistance in the liver.

也许最致命的因素还是果糖——蔗糖的组成部分，可直接在肝脏中恶化胰岛素耐受症状。

Because they're on the pellicle of the teeth, these bacteria come into contact with sucrose, a sugar found in various foods and drinks including table sugar.

因为它们位于牙齿表面薄膜，会很容易接触到蔗糖，很多食物和饮料中都含蔗糖。

But larger granular materials, like this table sugar, which in this demonstration represents sand, they avalanche at a much shallower angle, because they can't pack as tightly.

但是较大的颗粒状材料，比如蔗糖，在这个演示中代表沙子，它们以更浅的角度崩塌，因为它们无法挨得那么紧。

Other common household items you need to consume a ridiculous amount of to die from include table sugar, which you would need to slam down 1.8 kilos worth of to die from.

其他日常家用的调料，需要很大的剂量才会导致死亡，比如蔗糖，你要狂吃1.8 公斤的蔗糖才可能致死。

So, not the kind that's naturally in an apple, for example, but the kind of table sugar or fructose that's added to soft drinks, cookies, cakes and ice cream.

因此，例如，不是苹果中天然存在的那种糖，而是添加到软饮料、饼干、蛋糕和冰淇淋中的那种食糖或果糖。

This is why when you look at consumption trends, salt has stayed steady the past 50 years, and table sugar, which recently has been proven to have addictive properties, continues to go up and up.

这就是为什么过去 50 年间，人类盐的摄入量基本上不变，而糖（最近被证明具有成瘾性）的消费量却在一直上升。

You can tell this because if you take a cup of coffee and you add even the tiniest amount of just table sugar to it, you can immediately tell that coffee is sweet in a whole other way.

因为如果你拿了一杯咖啡，即使你在里面加入了哪怕是最少量的蔗糖，你马上就能知道咖啡是甜的。

Simple sugars… like those in high fructose corn syrup or the table sugar formally known as sucrose… were thought to be absorbed in the small intestine, so a lot of our gut bacteria would never actually be exposed to them.

单糖… … 如高果糖玉米糖浆中的糖或正式称为蔗糖的食糖… … 被认为会被小肠吸收，因此我们的许多肠道细菌实际上永远不会接触到它们。