系统生物学（Systems biology），是一个试图集成不同层次信息以理解生物系统如何行使功能的学术领域。通过研究某生物系统各不同部分之间的相互关系和相互作用（例如，与细胞信号传送、代谢通路、细胞器、细胞、生理系统与生物等相关的基因和蛋白网络），系统生物学期望最终能够创建整个系统的可理解模型。系统生物学大量使用数学的和计算技术的模型。

系统生物学开始于对基因和蛋白质的研究，该研究使用高通量技术来测定某物种在给定条件干涉下基因组和蛋白质组的变化。研究基因组的高通量技术包括用来测定mRNA变化的生物芯片技术。高通量蛋白质组学方法包括质谱，该技术用于鉴定蛋白质，检测蛋白修饰和量化蛋白质表达水平。

Systems biology is the computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems. An emerging engineering approach applied to biological scientific research, systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach (holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological research. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the concept has been used widely in the biosciences in a variety of contexts. For example, the Human Genome Project is an example of applied systems thinking in biology which has led to new, collaborative ways of working on problems in the biological field of genetics. One of the outreaching aims of systems biology is to model and discover emergent properties, properties of cells, tissues and organisms functioning as a system whose theoretical description is only possible using techniques which fall under the remit of systems biology. These typically involve metabolic networks or cell signaling networks.