OK. So this guy—this scientist—grew a rye plant in water so he could see the root system how big it got—its surface area.

所以这个家伙——这个科学家——在水中种了一株黑麦以便他观察根系能长到多大——它的表面部分。

Okay, for our purposes capitalism is also a cultural system, rooted in the need of private investors to turn a profit.

好吧，就我们的目的而言，资本主义也是一种文化体系，植根于私人投资者盈利的需要。

Multiple companies are now growing mushroom materials, but not literally mushrooms -- using mycelium, which is the root system of fungi, to bind together agricultural byproducts.

多家公司现在正在种植蘑菇材料，但不是真正意义上的蘑菇——使用菌丝体（真菌的根系）将农业副产品结合在一起。

Sandy desert soil has a lot of gaps in it so water drains through it quickly, making it hard for plants to establish the root system in the ground.

沙漠沙土中有很多空隙，因此水会很快从中排出，植物难以在地面上建立根系。