外科手术式打击（英文：Surgical strike）这个词语是由美国国防部官员于第一次波斯湾战争时所提出。指使用十分精准的巡弋飞弹或炸弹摧毁目标物，摧毁目标的效果可以达到如同外科手术切除的那样精确干净，而不会伤及目标以外的物体。借此避免大规模的地毯式轰炸所造成的大量无辜伤亡、不必要的建物损毁和武器的浪费。

但是这样的攻击方式，所能达成的实际效果可能会仍然有限。虽然从地毯式的狂轰滥炸转变成目标导向的精确攻击，但是事前搜集情报的品质与准确度对于攻击目标的选定仍然十分重要。即使是外科手术式的打击，如果目标为一座小学或中学，仍旧会造成不必要与预期外的伤亡。此外轰炸所造成的杀伤力仍然十分可观，即便是小范围准确的攻击，仍无法避免会对周遭无辜民众造成伤害。

This page is about the military attack; for the Sega CD FMV game, see Surgical Strike (video game).

A surgical strike is a military attack which results in, was intended to result in, or is claimed to have resulted in only damage to the intended legitimate military target, and no or minimal collateral damage to surrounding structures, vehicles, buildings, or the general public infrastructure and utilities.