至上主义（俄语：супрематизм，英语：suprematism，或译作“绝对主义”）现代主义艺术流派之一，二十世纪初俄罗斯抽象绘画的主要流派。创始人为卡济米尔·谢韦里诺维奇·马列维奇（俄语：Казимир Северинович Малевич，1878-1935）。“至上主义”一词来自于1915年马列维奇发表的宣言式小册子《从立体主义和未来主义到至上主义》（От Кубизма и Футуризма к Супрематизму）。在这本书中，马列维奇，强调至上主义是艺术中的绝对最高真理，它将取代此前一切曾经存在过的流派。人类社会可以以至上主义的原则进行组织和构建，进入新的历史发展阶段。至上主义的代表作品是马列维奇在1915年“0.10最后的未来主义展览”展出的油画《黑方块》。

Suprematism (Russian:Супремати́зм) is an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. It was founded by Kazimir Malevich in Russia, around 1913, and announced in Malevich's 1915 exhibition, The Last Futurist Exhibition of Paintings 0.10, in St. Petersburg, where he, alongside 13 other artists, exhibited 36 works in a similar style. The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon "the supremacy of pure artistic feeling" rather than on visual depiction of objects.