非洲刺毛鼠属（Acomys），哺乳纲、囓齿目、鼠科的一属，而与非洲刺毛鼠属（非洲刺毛鼠）同科的动物尚有蹊鼠属（扎伊尔蹊鼠）、新几内亚大鼠属（新几内亚大鼠）、密鼠属（密鼠）等之数种哺乳动物。

The term spiny mouse refers to any species of rodent within the genus Acomys. Similar in appearance to mice of the genus Mus, spiny mice are small mammals with bare, scaled tails. However, their coats are endowed with unusually stiff guard hairs similar to the spines of a hedgehog; this trait is the source of the common name, spiny mouse.