次调和函数（subharmonic）是数学上对函数的一种分类，常用在偏微分方程、复变分析及位势论中。

次调和函数类似单变量的凸函数。若一凸函数和一线段相交于二点，在这二点内凸函数的图形会在线段的下方。相似的，若在次调和函数在球边界上的值不大于调和函数的值，则若在次调和函数在球内的值也不大于调和函数的值。

若将以上的「不大于」改为「不小于」，就可以定义过调和函数（Superharmonic）。过调和函数其实就是次调和函数的加法逆元，因此有关次调和函数的性质都可以转换为过调和函数的对应性质。

In mathematics, subharmonic and superharmonic functions are important classes of functions used extensively in partial differential equations, complex analysis and potential theory.

Intuitively, subharmonic functions are related to convex functions of one variable as follows. If the graph of a convex function and a line intersect at two points, then the graph of the convex function is below the line between those points. In the same way, if the values of a subharmonic function are no larger than the values of a harmonic function on the boundary of a ball, then the values of the subharmonic function are no larger than the values of the harmonic function also inside the ball.