超导现象是指材料在低于某一温度时，电阻变为零的现象，而这一温度称为超导转变温度（T_c）。超导现象的特征是零电阻和完全抗磁性。

超导现象是指材料在低于某一温度时，电阻变为零（以目前观测，即使有，也小至10欧姆·平方毫米/米以下）的现象，而这一温度称为超导转变温度（T_c）。超导现象的特征是零电阻和完全抗磁性。

金属导体的电阻会随着温度降低而逐渐减少。然而，对于普通导体如铜和银，即使接近绝对零度时，仍然保有最低的电阻值，这是纯度和其他缺陷的影响所致。另一方面，超导体的电阻值在低于其"临界温度"时，一般出现在绝对温度20 K或更低时会骤降为零。在超导体线材里面的电流能够不断地持续而不需提供电能。如同磁性和原子能谱等现象，超导特性也是种量子效应。这种性质无法单纯靠传统物理学中理想化的「全导特性」来理解。

Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.