超强碱就是碱性极强的物质。目前对超强碱尚没有明确的定义，但一些化学家以氢氧化钠作为强碱和超强碱的界限。

另一个强碱和超强碱的界限是氢氧根离子，因为氢氧根是在水溶液中碱性最强的物质，更强的碱在水中会和水产生中和反应，产生氢氧根及质子化的碱。另一个定义超强碱的方式是利用是否可使羰基失去 α 氢变成烯醇来判别，一般的碱无法产生上述的反应。不过超强碱一词目前还没有一个标准的化学定义，例如质子海绵也会称为超强碱。

超强碱在1950年代开始研究，在有机合成中很重要，也是物理有机化学的基础。有用到超强碱的反应需特别的处理，因为反应会被水及空气中的二氧化碳和氧气所破坏，惰性气体及低温可以减少其副作用，超强碱也是腐蚀性物质。

In chemistry, a superbase is an extremely basic compound or substance that has a high affinity for protons. The hydroxide ion is the strongest base possible in aqueous solutions, but bases exist with much greater strengths than can exist in water. Such bases are valuable in organic synthesis and are fundamental to physical organic chemistry. Superbases have been described and used since the 1850s. Reactions involving superbases often require special techniques since they are destroyed by water and atmospheric carbon dioxide as well as oxygen. Inert atmosphere techniques and low temperatures minimize these side reactions. Superbases also have a corrosive effect.