But using Koyama's record, they could precisely follow specific sunspots and clusters through that journey.

但利用小山的记录，在这一过程中，研究人员可以准确跟踪特定的黑子或黑子群。

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections often occur near sunspots.

太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射经常发生在太阳黑子附近。

What are sunspots and why are they dark?

什么是太阳黑子，为什么它们是黑色的?

The least sunspots in an 11-year period is considered solar minimum, while the most sunspot signifies the solar maximum.

太阳黑子数量最少的11年时期被认为是太阳活动极小期，而太阳黑子数量最多的时期则代表太阳活动极大期。

Around the edges of sunspots, the magnetic field lines are concentrated.

在太阳黑子的边缘，磁力线是集中的。

The Italian scientist Galileo was among the first astronomers to study sunspots.

意大利科学家伽利略是最早研究太阳黑子的天文学家之一。

This creates a bright rim around sunspots called faculae (Latin for “little torch”).

这就在太阳黑子周围形成了一圈亮边，被称为光斑（拉丁文的意思是“小火炬”）。

The areas of the strongest fields coincide exactly with the position of sunspots.

磁场最强的部位正好就是太阳黑子的位置。

At the beginning of a cycle the jet stream is found, like sunspots, in mid-latitudes.

在一个活动周期开始的时候，就可以找到高速气流，像中纬度地区的太阳黑子。

Ironically, sunspots actually increase the energy output of the Sun.

具有讽刺意味的是，太阳黑子实际上增加了太阳的能量输出。