弦乐五重奏是指有五名弦乐表演者的室内乐演出，或者此类的音乐作品。

在古典音乐中常见的组合是：两个小提琴，两个中提琴和一个大提琴，又称中提琴五重奏；或者两个小提琴，一个中提琴和两个大提琴，又称大提琴五重奏。在某些作品里，或用低音提琴代替第二大提琴的位置，比如德沃夏克的五重奏作品77号和莫扎特的G大调弦乐小夜曲。

A string quintet is a musical composition for five string players. As an extension to the string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello), a string quintet includes a fifth string instrument, usually a second viola (a so-called "viola quintet") or a second cello (a "cello quintet"), but occasionally a double bass. The form was standard in 17th century Italy and can be seen as early as 1607 in Claudio Monteverdi's opera, L'Orfeo. Most famous of the cello quintets is Franz Schubert's Quintet in C major. Antonín Dvořák's Quintet Op. 77 uses a double bass, and Mozart's famous Eine kleine Nachtmusik may be performed with this instrumentation (the double bass being optional). Alternative additions include clarinet or piano (see clarinet quintet, piano quintet); and other closely related chamber music genres include the string quartet (much more common), the string trio, and the string sextet.