Obesity, for example, is rare in a state of nature.

例如肥胖症在极少数情况下是天生的。

But the enforcement power, the right to punish, everyone can do the punishing in the state of nature.

而说到执行权、惩罚权，自然状态下人人都能实施惩罚权。

The state of nature " could be worse than we realize if these predictions are true, " he said.

他说，如果这些预测属实，自然状况可能会比我们意识到的更糟糕。

Well, in order to answer that question, it helps to remember what the state of nature is like.

为了回答这个问题回顾一下自然状态会很有帮助。

He says there are some inconveniences in the state of nature but what are those inconveniences?

他说自然状态有一些不便之处，什么不便之处呢？

So these are the rights we have in the state of nature before there is any government.

这些就是我们在政府产生前，自然状态下拥有的权利。

Remember, the state of nature is the condition that we decide to leave, and that's what gives rise to consent.

记住，自然状态是我们决定脱离的状态，正是因此产生了同意这一概念。

Thomas Hobbes, for instance, argued that the state of nature is violent and selfish.

例如，托马斯霍布斯认为自然状态是暴力和自私的。

Now, let us apply these two principles to species in a state of nature.

现在，让我们将这两个原则应用于自然状态下的物种。

Reared on a false hypothesis, his arguments in favour of a state of nature are plausible, but unsound.

基于一个错误的假设，他支持自然状态的论点是有道理的，但并不可靠。

And this law of nature constrains what we can do even though we are free, even though we are in the state of nature.

这种自然法制约着我们的行为，即便我们是自由的，即便是在自然状态下。

With this book, I wanted to explore the state of nature, who we are, and what we perceive is required for our survival, she said.

她说，" 我想通过这本书探索人类的本真状态，我们是谁，以及我们感知到的事物是生存所需" 。

We shall, perhaps, best understand how instincts in a state of nature have become modified by selection by considering a few cases.

或许， 我们将通过考虑一些案例， 最好地理解自然状态下的本能是如何被选择所改变的。

And the reason is that even in the state of nature, there is a kind of law. It's not the kind of law that legislatures enact.

因为即使处在自然状态下仍受某种法的约束。不是立法机关制定的法律。

In a state of nature almost every full-grown plant annually produces seed, and among animals there are very few which do not annually pair.

在自然状态下， 几乎每一种成熟的植物每年都会产生种子， 而在动物中， 很少有不每年配对的。

The possibility, or even probability, of inherited variations of instinct in a state of nature will be strengthened by briefly considering a few cases under domestication.

通过简要考虑几个驯化案例， 自然状态下本能遗传变异的可能性， 甚至概率将得到加强。

This ordinary speech deserves the description which Hobbes gave to his " State of Nature, " that " it is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" .

这种普通的演讲值得霍布斯对其“自然状态” 的描述，即“它是孤独的、贫乏的、肮脏的、野蛮的和短暂的” 。

That the mental qualities of animals of the same kind, born in a state of nature, vary much, could be shown by many facts.

许多事实可以证明， 在自然状态下出生的同类动物的心理素质差异很大。

It is not to be supposed that species in a state of nature ever change so quickly as domestic animals under the guidance of methodical selection.

在有条不紊的选择指导下， 自然状态下的物种不会像家养动物那样迅速变化。

Excluding such cases of abrupt variations, the few which remain would at best constitute, if found in a state of nature, doubtful species, closely related to their parental types.

排除这种突然变异的情况，如果在自然状态下发现， 剩下的少数最多只能构成与它们的亲本类型密切相关的可疑物种。