口吃（俗称“结巴”、“磕巴”、“口吃”，在台湾，国语念作「ㄎㄡˇ ㄐㄧˊ;Kǒu jí」，中国大陆普通话念作「ㄎㄡˇ ㄔ;Kǒu chī」，古汉语中叫謇。）是一种言语障碍，表现为言语频繁地与正常流利的人在频率和强度上不同、且非自愿的重复（语音，音节，单词或短语）、停顿、拖长打断。术语“口吃”通常是与非本意的语音重复相联系的，但是它也包括言语前的反常犹豫或停顿（被口吃者称为“语塞”）和某些语音的拖长（通常为元音）。口吃的许多表现不能被他人观察到；这包括对特定音素（通常为辅音）、字和词的恐惧，对特定情景的恐惧，焦虑，紧张，害羞和言语中“失控”的感觉。

Stuttering (/ˈstʌtərɪŋ/) or stammering (/ˈstæmərɪŋ/) (more generally the first in US and the second in British usage) (alalia syllabaris, alalia literalis or anarthria literalis) is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by people who stutter as blocks, and the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels or semivowels. According to Watkins et al. stuttering is a disorder of "selection, initiation, and execution of motor sequences necessary for fluent speech production." For many people who stutter, repetition is the primary problem. The term "stuttering" covers a wide range of severity, encompassing barely pe****tible impediments that are largely cosmetic to severe symptoms that effectively prevent oral communication. In the world, approximately four times as many men as women stutter, encompassing 70 million people worldwide, or about 1% of the world's population. The impact of stuttering on a person's functioning and emotional state can be severe. This may include fears of having to enunciate specific vowels or consonants, fears of being caught stuttering in social situations, self-imposed isolation, anxiety, stress, shame, being a possible target of bullying (especially in children), having to use word substitution and rearrange words in a sentence to hide stuttering, or a feeling of "loss of control" during speech. Stuttering is sometimes popularly seen as a symptom of anxiety, but there is actually no direct correlation in that direction (though as mentioned the inverse can be true, as social anxiety may actually develop in individuals as a result of their stuttering).