Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the stratified squamous epithelium.

食管鳞癌起源于复层鳞状上皮。

Squamous cell carcinoma, as you can tell by its name, arises from squamous epithelium.

鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）正如其名，来源于鳞状上皮细胞。

The first type of epithelium is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

第一种上皮名叫角化复层鳞状上皮。

A perforation becomes permanent when its edges are covered by squamous epithelium and it does not heal spontaneously.

当穿孔的边缘被鳞状上皮覆盖且不能自动愈合时，穿孔就成为永久性的。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食管下括约肌处，食管鳞状上皮移行为胃柱状上皮，形成了胃-食管交界区。

So its mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium, which is better equipped to resist abrasion from food going down.

因此，其粘膜是由复层鳞状上皮构成的，能较好地抵御食物对食管的磨损。

Most of the oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, so the majority of cancers that arise are squamous cell cancers.

口腔内大部分表面都由复层鳞状上皮覆盖，所以大部分口腔癌都属于鳞状细胞癌。

In chronic laryngitis the normal columnar cells undergo dysplasia, which is when they transform into squamous epithelium to adapt to the chronic irritation.

慢性喉炎中，正常柱状细胞异型增生转变为鳞状上皮细胞，来适应慢性刺激。

A second type of epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and it contains cells that don't produce much keratin, making this layer less tough.

第二种上皮是未角化的复层鳞状上皮，其细胞产生的角质较少，故这层结构相对比较脆弱。

Because that's because each sac contains a cluster of alveoli, these tiny cavities lined with super thin, wet membranes made of simple squamous epithelium tissue.

因为这是因为每个囊包含一簇肺泡，这些微小的空腔内衬着由简单鳞状上皮组织制成的超薄湿膜。

For example, a simple squamous epithelium refers to a single layer of flat, scale-like cells, like the lining of the air sacs deep in your lungs.

例如，简单的鳞状上皮是指单层平坦的鳞片状细胞，就像肺部深处的气囊内膜一样。

All right, as a quick recap, oral cancer refers to cancers that originate in the oral cavity, which is lined by keratinized or non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia.

得！快速回顾一下：口腔癌指起源于口腔的癌症；口腔由角化或未角化的复层鳞状上皮覆盖。

Now, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer worldwide, and it originates in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, most often in the upper two thirds.

鳞癌是世界上最常见的食管癌类型，来源于食管鳞状上皮层，最常见于食管上三分之二。

The cool thing about this layer is that it contains the endothelium, which you may remember is made up of simple squamous epithelium tissue and is continuous with the lining of the heart.

这层最酷的地方是它包含内皮，你可能记得内皮是由简单的鳞状上皮组织组成的，并且与心脏内膜连续。

The mucosa also has three layers of its own: a layer made of stratified squamous epithelium; a layer of connective tissue, called the lamina propria; and a layer of muscle cells, called the muscularis mucosae.

黏膜层本身又由三层结构组成，一层复层鳞状上皮，一层结缔组织，又叫固有层，还有一层肌细胞，又叫黏膜肌层。

The oral surfaces covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include the buccal mucosa, the floor of the mouth, the lateral and ventral (or bottom) surfaces of the tongue, the soft palate, and the retromolar trigone.

口腔表面由未角化的复层鳞状上皮覆盖的结构，包括颊黏膜、口底、舌的侧面和腹侧（或底面）、软腭与磨牙后三角。

Every gustatory cell projects a thread-like protrusion of the cellular membrane called a gustatory hair, which runs down to a taste pore, a small hole in the stratified squamous epithelium covering the taste bud and the rest of the tongue.

每个味觉细胞在细胞膜上投射出一个叫做味觉毛的线状突起，向下延伸到味觉孔，味觉孔是覆盖味蕾和舌头其余部分的分层鳞状上皮上的一个小洞。

The presence of acid in the esophagus can lead to Barrett's esophagus, which is when the squamous epithelium lining the esophagus is replaced by a columnar epithelium, similar to that of the intestines, that's better adapted to withstand the acidity.

食管中存在胃酸会导致Barrett食管，即食管的鳞状上皮细胞被柱状上皮替代，变得很像小肠的上皮；柱状上皮是更加适应酸性环境的上皮类型。