To support this theory, Cartwright helped to perfect a medical device for measuring breathing called the spirometer to show the presumed deficiency in black people's lungs.

为了支持这个理论， 卡特赖特协助完善了一个称为肺活量计的 用于监测呼吸的医学仪器，试图展现黑人肺部所谓的“缺陷”。

Sometimes people who have operations or are in the hospital get a gadget called an incentive spirometer where you're told to breathe in and make these balls go up.

有时做手术或住院的人会得到一个叫做激励呼吸量计的小玩意，你被告知吸气，让这些球上升。