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单词 Spin Angular Momentum
释义

Spin Angular Momentum

中文百科

自旋 Spin (physics)

(重定向自Spin Angular Momentum)

在量子力学中,自旋英语:Spin)是粒子所具有的内禀性质,其运算规则类似于经典力学的角动量,并因此产生一个磁场。虽然有时会与经典力学中的自转(例如行星公转时同时进行的自转)相模拟,但实际上本质是迥异的。经典概念中的自转,是物体对于其质心的旋转,比如地球每日的自转是顺着一个通过地心的极轴所作的转动。

首先对基本粒子提出自转与相应角动量概念的是1925年由拉尔夫·克罗尼希、乔治·乌伦贝克与山缪·古德斯密特三人所开创。他们在处理电子的磁场理论时,把电子想象一个带电的球体,自转因而产生磁场。然而尔后在量子力学中,透过理论以及实验验证发现基本粒子可视为是不可分割的点粒子,所以物体自转无法直接套用到自旋角动量上来,因此仅能将自旋视为一种内秉性质,为粒子与生俱来带有的一种角动量,并且其量值是量子化的,无法被改变(但自旋角动量的指向可以透过操作来改变)。

英语百科

Spin (physics) 自旋

(重定向自Spin Angular Momentum)
Schematic diagram depicting the spin of the neutron as the black arrow and magnetic field lines associated with the neutron magnetic moment.  The neutron has a negative magnetic moment.  While the spin of the neutron is upward in this diagram, the magnetic field lines at the center of the dipole are downward.
A single point in space can spin continuously without becoming tangled. Notice that after a 360 degree rotation, the spiral flips between clockwise and counterclockwise orientations.  It returns to its original configuration after spinning a full 720 degrees.
Wolfgang Pauli

In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.

Spin is one of two types of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the other being orbital angular momentum. The orbital angular momentum operator is the quantum-mechanical counterpart to the classical angular momentum of orbital revolution: it arises when a particle executes a rotating or twisting trajectory (such as when an electron orbits a nucleus). The existence of spin angular momentum is inferred from experiments, such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment, in which particles are observed to possess angular momentum that cannot be accounted for by orbital angular momentum alone.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 20:39:44