贝尔曼-福特算法（英语：Bellman–Ford algorithm），求解单源最短路径问题的一种算法，由理乍得·贝尔曼（Richard Bellman） 和 莱斯特·福特 创立的。有时候这种算法也被称为 Moore-Bellman-Ford 算法，因为 Edward F. Moore 也为这个算法的发展做出了贡献。它的原理是对图进行V-1次松弛操作，得到所有可能的最短路径。其优于迪科斯彻算法的方面是边的权值可以为负数、实现简单，缺点是时间复杂度过高，高达。但算法可以进行若干种优化，提高了效率。

The Shortest Path Faster Algorithm (SPFA) is an improvement of the Bellman–Ford algorithm which computes single-source shortest paths in a weighted directed graph. The algorithm is believed to work well on random sparse graphs and is particularly suitable for graphs that contain negative-weight edges. However, the worst-case complexity of SPFA is the same as that of Bellman–Ford, so for graphs with nonnegative edge weights Dijkstra's algorithm is preferred. The SPFA algorithm was published in 1994 by Fanding Duan.