美洲黄鼠属（洛基山黄鼠），哺乳纲、囓齿目、松鼠科的一属，而与美洲黄鼠属（洛基山黄鼠）同科的动物尚有马尾松鼠属（马尾松鼠）、山松鼠属（巴拿马山松鼠）、细趾黄鼠属（细趾黄鼠）、松鼠属（松鼠）等之数种哺乳动物。

Spermophilus is a genus of ground squirrels in the family Sciuridae. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, Spermophilus in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues.