西班牙最为著名的文学作品毫无疑问应该是《堂吉诃德》(Don Quixote），作者米格尔·德·塞万提斯（Miguel de Cervantes）。西班牙一位重要的诗人和剧作家是费德里戈·加西亚·洛尔卡。

Spanish literature generally refers to literature (Spanish poetry, prose, and drama) written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the state of Spain. Its development coincides and frequently intersects with that of other literary traditions from regions within the same territory, particularly Catalan literature, Galician literature, and more recently a formal Basque literature. In its earliest form, Spanish literature intersects as well with Latin, Jewish, and Arabic literary traditions of the Iberian peninsula. The literature of Spanish America is an important branch of Spanish literature, with its own particular characteristics dating back to the earliest years of Spain’s conquest of the Americas (see Latin American literature).