太空船一号（SpaceShipOne）是一架太空飞机，由鲁坦（Burt Rutan）以及美国缩尺复合体(Scaled Composites)公司制造。使用「混合式 固体火箭引擎」，有双尾翼以及可变的半三角翼机翼，在不同的阶段机翼会变成不同的状态。太空船一号和航天飞机不同，是先由另一架飞机白色骑士号载上高空后才开始自行飞行。太空船一号的速度不会超过第一宇宙速度，因而无法进入轨道，和美军实验飞机X-15比较接近。

太空船一号进行过多次飞行。2004年6月21日，太空船一号完成第一次私人资本人类太空飞行，并且在10月4日，达成两周之内载三个人（或相等重量物品）作两次高度100公里的飞行，而飞机的替换不得超过空重（除燃料之外的重量）10%的条件，因而赢得1000万美元的安萨里X大奖。飞机发展成本估计为2500万美元由美国微软公司创办人之一保罗·艾伦赞助。

SpaceShipOne is an experimental air-launched rocket-powered aircraft with suborbital flight capability that uses a hybrid rocket motor. The design features a unique "feathering" atmospheric reentry system where the rear half of the wing and the twin tail booms folded upward along a hinge running the length of the wing; this increased drag while remaining stable. SpaceShipOne completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004. That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and was immediately retired from active service. Its mother ship was named "White Knight". Both craft were developed and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures, which was a joint venture between Paul Allen and Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan's aviation company. Allen provided the funding of approximately US$25 million.