太空飞机（Spaceplane）是一种设计成被用来飞入太空再回到地表的一种航空器，将航空飞行器与太空船的特色合而为一。一般来说，它的外型就像装上机翼的太空载具。它的推进方式可能是直接采用火箭或者是使用需要吸入空气的引擎。其定义比较宽松可以容许使用抛弃式火箭进入太空，另一种概念则是全机重复使用类似一般飞机但能直接飞入太空，称为空天飞机。

在今日只有纯粹使用火箭的太空飞机才真正能进入太空，太空穿梭机就是其中一种，另外亦有数种常规的航空器进入数万英呎的高度但没能真正进入太空还是属于航空飞机。

A spaceplane is an aerospace vehicle that operates as an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere, as well as a spacecraft when it is in space. It combines features of an aircraft and a spacecraft, which can be thought of as an aircraft that can endure and maneuver in the vacuum of space or likewise a spacecraft that can fly like an airplane. Typically, it takes the form of a spacecraft equipped with wings, although lifting bodies have been designed and tested as well. The propulsion to reach space may be purely rocket based or may use the assistance of airbreathing jet engines. The spaceflight is then followed by an unpowered glide return to landing.