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单词 Space capability
释义

Space capability

原声例句
PBS趣味科普

So they did what governments do when they're struggling, they go into full hype mode, talking up the US's currently-nonexistent-but-definitely-coming-any-day-now space capabilities.

所以他们做了政府在艰难挣扎时会做的事情，他们进入了大肆宣传的模式，谈论美国目前不存在但肯定会随时出现的太空能力。

燎源飞轮——9月份

While Moon missions are complex, this setback reflects concerns about Russia's space capabilities in comparison to China, the United States, and even India's ongoing lunar endeavors.

尽管登月任务很复杂，但与中国、美国甚至印度正在进行的探月活动相比，这一挫折反映出人们对俄罗斯太空能力的担忧。

China Daily 播客集

He also called for the improvement of the nation's space capabilities and the formation of a cyberspace defense system, which can help to safeguard the country's internet security.

他还呼吁提高国家的太空能力，形成网络空间防御体系，这有助于维护国家的网络安全。

中文百科

各国首次自主发射运载火箭时间表 Timeline of first orbital launches by country

（重定向自Space capability）
人造卫星自主发射一览图  确定完成人造卫星自主发射任务的国家或地区   未确定但声称完成人造卫星自主发射任务的国家或地区   计划将来进行人造卫星自主发射任务的国家或地区人造卫星自主发射能力一览图  确定拥有人造卫星自主发射能力的国家或地区   确定拥有人造卫星自主发射能力的国际航天机构（欧空局）   计划将来进行人造卫星自主发射任务的国家或地区   始终未能成功完成人造卫星自主发射任务或已取消人造卫星自主发射计划的国家或地区
人造卫星自主发射能力一览图

以下列出各国首次自主发射运载火箭时间表，即所有自主发射人造卫星的国家或航天机构的首次成功发射记录。如下国家与机构属于“太空俱乐部”的成员。注意此列表记录人造卫星的发射能力，包括外国人造卫星制造商或发射场地在国外的情况。截止20世纪末，全球只有少数国家具有独立卫星发射能力。这些国家和地区包括（截止2013年）：苏联/俄罗斯/乌克兰、美国、法国、日本、中国、英国、欧洲空间局、印度、以色列、伊朗、朝鲜和韩国。伊拉克的发射并未被承认。巴西在1997、1999和2003年进行了3次发射尝试，但均未成功。直到今天仍有少数国家依旧尝试进入航天俱乐部。早期意大利和哈萨克都具备火箭和卫星研发技术条件，并且都有火箭发射场（圣马科意海上平台和拜科努尔发射场，主要为美国和俄国担负发射任务）。乌克兰具备火箭制造能力但却不具备发射场等条件。多国合作的欧洲空间局（ESA），以及私有的海上发射公司等公司也被认为是航天俱乐部的成员。以下是航天俱乐部几大成员首次成功发射的卫星：

英语百科

Timeline of first orbital launches by country 各国首次自主发射运载火箭时间表

（重定向自Space capability）
Replica of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957

Notes

  1. 1 2 The ten countries and successor states/union indicated in bold retain orbital launch capability.
  2. 1 2 3 The Soviet Union's successor state, Russia, took over the Soviet space program after the 1991 Soviet Union's dissolution with Ukraine inheriting a smaller part of the Soviet space program's space launcher and satellite capability. Soviet heritage launcher designs were utilized also for the joint Sea Launch system. Previously it was a consortium of four companies from the United States, Russia, Ukraine and Norway: Boeing, Energia, Yuzhmash and Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and Aker Kværner, respectively. Its first demonstration satellite, DemoSat, was launched on 27 March 1999 using a Ukrainian-mainly Zenit 3SL rocket from the Ocean Odyssey (a former drilling-rig) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Sea Launch has launched numerous satellites since, with few failures.
  3. ↑ Sea Launch is currently 85% owned by Russia's RKK Energia.<ref>"Russian money to drive Sea Launch relaunch". Flightglobal.com. August 6, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
  4. ↑ United States also has private companies capable of space launch
  5. ↑ France launched its first satellite by its own rocket from Algeria, which had been a French territory when the spaceport was built but had achieved independence before the satellite launch. Later France provided a spaceport for ESA space launchers in French Guyana, transferring between 1975 and 1980
  6. ↑ ESA in its current form was founded with the ESA Convention in 1975, when ESRO was merged with ELDO. France signed the ESA Convention on 30 May 1975 and deposited the instruments of ratification on 10 October 1980, when the convention came into force. During this interval the agency functioned in a de facto fashion.<ref name='convention1'>"Convention for the establishment of a European Space Agency" (PDF). ESA. 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  7. ↑ UK only self-launched a single satellite (in 1971) and that from a commonwealth (Australian) spaceport. Later it joined the ESA, but not the launcher consortium Arianespace, therefore becoming the only nation that developed launch capability and then officially lost it.
  8. ↑ The European Space Agency developed the Ariane rocket family (the second European launcher program after the failed Europa rocket program under ELDO) operating from its Guiana Space Centre spaceport (first successful launch on 24 December 1979 when Ariane 1 launcher placed the technological capsule CAT-1 on orbit). ESA signatories at the time of first launch were Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, France and Ireland. Private/public companies and/or governments of these countries (with the exception of Ireland and the United Kingdom) became shareholders in the commercial company Arianespace dealing with production, operation, and marketing. Later Norway became an ESA member and Arianespace shareholder. Additional subsequent ESA member states are Austria, Finland, Portugal, Greece, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, Romania and Poland.
  9. ↑ Ukraine provides its own space launcher to Russia and does not use its own space launcher to put satellites in orbit (first Ukrainian satellite is Sich-1 launched on August 31, 1995 by Ukrainian Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia).
  10. ↑ Although it has signed the Outer Space Treaty, Iran is the only space launch capable nation that has not ratified the treaty.
  11. ↑ The North Korean government first claimed a successful launch on 31 August 1998 with Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 from Musudan-ri, which was internationally determined to be a failure. Another launch on 5 April 2009, with the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite, was also reported by North Korea to have reached orbit; however, US and South Korean officials stated that the launch failed to reach orbit.
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更新时间：2025/6/22 22:26:27