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单词 Sonic velocity
释义

Sonic velocity

中文百科

音速 Speed of sound

(重定向自Sonic velocity)

声速,又称“音速”(每秒343.2米,每小时1236公里),顾名思义即是声音的速度,定义为单位时间内振动波传递的距离。音速(波传递的速度)与传递介质的材质状况(密度、温度、压力…)有绝对关系,而与发声者(波源)本身的速度无关,而发声者(波源)与听者(观察者)间若有相对运动关系,就形成了都卜勒效应;由此观点,我们可以知道,超音速时的诸多物理现象(震波、音爆、音障...),其实与声音无关,而是压缩波密集累积所产生的物理现象。声音的传播速度在固体最快,其次液体,而气体的音速最慢。通常音速是指在空气中的音速,为343.2米/秒(1,236公里/小时)。音速又会依空气之状态(如湿度、温度、密度)不同而有不同数值。如摄氏零度之海平面音速约为331.5米/秒(1193公里/小时);一万米高空之音速约为295米/秒(1062公里/小时);另外每升高1摄氏度,音速就增加0.607米/秒。

英语百科

Speed of sound 音速

(重定向自Sonic velocity)
Pressure-pulse or compression-type wave (longitudinal wave) confined to a plane. This is the only type of sound wave that travels in fluids (gases and liquids)
Transverse wave affecting atoms initially confined to a plane. This additional type of sound wave (additional type of elastic wave) travels only in solids, and the sideways shearing motion may take place in any direction at right angles to the direction of wave-travel (only one shear direction is shown here, at right angles to the plane). Furthermore, the right-angle shear direction may change over time and distance, resulting in different types of polarization of shear-waves
Density and pressure decrease smoothly with altitude, but temperature (red) does not. The speed of sound (blue) depends only on the complicated temperature variation at altitude and can be calculated from it, since isolated density and pressure effects on the speed of sound cancel each other. Speed of sound increases with height in two regions of the stratosphere and thermosphere, due to heating effects in these regions.
Approximation of the speed of sound in dry air based on the heat capacity ratio (in green) against the truncated Taylor expansion (in red).

The speed of sound is the distance traveled per unit time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. In dry air at 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound is 343.2 metres per second (1,126 ft/s; 1,236 km/h; 768 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in 2.914 s or a mile in 4.689 s.

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更新时间:2025/6/23 5:44:42