膳食纤维是指不能被人体消化道酵素分解的多糖类及木质素，在消化系统中有吸收水份的作用。膳食纤维能增加肠道及胃内的食物体积，可增加饱足感；又能促进肠胃蠕动，可舒解便秘；同时膳食纤维也能吸附肠道中的有害物质以便排出。

膳食纤维主要是非淀粉多糖的多种植物物质，包括纤维素、木质素、蜡、甲壳质、果胶、β葡聚糖、菊糖和低聚糖等，通常分为非水溶性膳食纤维及水溶性膳食纤维两大类。

水溶性膳食纤维的功能：

非水溶性膳食纤维的功能：

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Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. It has two main components:

Dietary fibers can act by changing the nature of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and by changing how other nutrients and chemicals are absorbed. Some types of soluble fiber absorb water to become a gelatinous, viscous substance which is fermented by bacteria in the digestive tract. Some types of insoluble fiber have bulking action and are not fermented. Lignin, a major dietary insoluble fiber source, may alter the rate and metabolism of soluble fibers. Other types of insoluble fiber, notably resistant starch, are fully fermented. Some but not all soluble plant fibers block intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of potentially pathogenic bacteria and may therefore modulate intestinal inflammation, an effect that has been termed contrabiotic.