日震学是研究波振荡，特别是声波压力，在太阳上的传播。不同于地球的地震波，太阳的波几乎没有剪力的成份 (S波)。太阳压力波被认为是接近太阳表面的对流层中的湍流生成的。有些频率被建设性的干涉放大，换言之，太阳振荡的环像是一个钟，声波传输到太阳更表面的光球层，这是从太阳中心的核融合辐射出的能量经由吸收生成可见光，离开太阳表面的区域。这些振荡几乎在任何时间串行的的太阳影像上都能检测得到，但观测到最好的影像是测量都卜勒位移的光球吸收谱线。经由太阳振荡波的传播的变化，揭露了太阳内部的结构，并让天文物理学家发展出太阳内部剖面极为详细的设置条件。

Helioseismology is the study of the propagation of wave oscillations, particularly acoustic pressure waves, in the Sun. Unlike seismic waves on Earth, solar waves have practically no shear component (s-waves). Solar pressure waves are believed to be generated by the turbulence in the convection zone near the surface of the sun. Certain frequencies are amplified by constructive interference. In other words, the turbulence "rings" the sun like a bell. The acoustic waves are transmitted to the outer photosphere of the sun, which is where the light generated through absorption of radiant energy from nuclear fusion at the centre of the sun, leaves the surface. These oscillations are detectable on almost any time series of solar images, but are best observed by measuring the Doppler shift of photospheric absorption lines. Changes in the propagation of oscillation waves through the Sun reveal inner structures and allow astrophysicists to develop extremely detailed profiles of the interior conditions of the Sun.