The pyrethroid keeps the sodium channels open, so the nerves fire repeatedly.

拟除虫菊酯使钠离子通道保持开放，导致神经不断反射。

And when one is triggered, it opens up mechanically gated sodium channels.

当一个被触发时，它会打开机械门控的钠通道。

Genetic mutations have given them sodium channels that the pyrethroids can't bind to.

基因突变使它们拥有拟除虫菊酯无法结合的钠通道。

Once absorbed, the chemical binds to sodium channel proteins, which help propagate nerve impulses.

一旦被吸收，这种化学品就会与有助于传播神经冲动的钠通道蛋白结合。

When blood pressure stretches arterial walls, that opens mechanically-gated sodium channels in these little receptors.

当血压拉伸动脉壁时，这些小受体中的机械门控钠通道就会打开。

When these sodium channels can't open and close properly, the neurons aren't able to send pain signals to your brain.

当这些钠离子通道不能正常的开关的时候，神经元就无法将疼痛信号传递到大脑。

Now, one of the best studied receptors is the epithelial sodium channel, which, as you might guess, is specific to sodium.

研究得最深入的受体之一是上皮钠通道，正如你可能猜到的，它只对钠起作用。

A team of Johns Hopkins scientists study sodium channels responsible for electrical signaling in nerve cells from humans and from cockroaches.

约翰霍普金斯大学的一个科学家研究小组致力于人类和蟑螂神经细胞里负责电气信号钠离子通道的研究。

Normally, the resting state of sodium channels is stabilized by calcium ions, which prevents them from spontaneously opening and potentially causing depolarization.

正常情况下，钙离子用来稳定钠离子通道的静息状态，这可以防止钠离子通道自发打开，从而导致去极化。

Aldosterone increases sodium channels on the lumen side of the principal cell and sodium-potassium pumps on the basolateral side of the principal cells.

它增加主细胞腔面钠离子、钾离子通道和基底面的钠-钾泵的数量。

Then, when some stimulus causes the sodium channels open up, the sodium ions flood back in, which raises the membrane potential until it reaches its threshold.

然后，当一些刺激导致钠通道打开时，钠离子会涌入，这会提高膜电位，直到达到阈值。

These drugs bind to and block the fast sodium channels that are responsible for the depolarizing phase and contractile myocytes.

这些药结合并阻断快钠通道。快钠通道作用于去极化时相和有收缩性的心肌。

For example, salty things are full of positively-charged sodium ions that cause sodium channels in the gustatory cells to open, which generate a graded potential, and spark an action potential.

例如，咸的东西充满带正电荷的钠离子，导致味觉细胞中的钠通道打开，从而产生分级电位并激发动作电位。

This is because the value of membrane potential at the onset of an action potential DETERMINES the number of voltage-gated sodium channels activated during depolarization.

这是因为，动作电位开始时的膜电位值决定了去极化过程中激活的电压门控钠通道的数量。

With low levels of extracellular calcium, voltage-gated sodium channels are less stable and more likely to open up, which allows the cell to depolarize more easily, and makes the neuron more excitable.

当细胞外钙的水平较低时，电压门控钠离子通道不稳定，更容易开放，这使细胞更容易去极化，并使神经元更易兴奋。

Aldosterone increases the number of sodium channels and the number of potassium channels on the lumen side of the principal cell as well as sodium-potassium pumps on the basolateral side of the principal cells.

醛固酮可以增加主细胞内壁钠通道和钾通道的数量和主细胞外壁钠钾离子泵的数量。

As this value becomes less negative in hyperkalemia, the number of available sodium channels DEcreases, resulting in a SLOWER influx of sodium and subsequently SLOWER impulse conduction.

在高钾血症中，随着这个值变为较小负值，可用钠通道数量减少，导致钠流入减慢，随后脉冲传导减慢。

These subclasses differ in the strength of sodium channel blockage and in their effect on the duration of action potentials and the effective refractory period the erp.

这些亚类在抑制钠通道的强度、对动作电位持续时间和有效不应期的影响上各有不同。

In addition to this, because less sodium is in the distal tubule, less of it moves through the luminal sodium channel into the principal cell and gets pumped over to the other side by the basolateral sodium-potassium pump.

此外，因为远曲小管钠离子减少，通过腔内钠通道进入主细胞然后被钠钾离子泵泵出的的钠离子也会减少。

There are nine sodium channels known to exist in nerve cells in various parts of the body and three of them—Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9—are thought to play the most significant roles in the transmission of pain.

已知存在于身体不同部位的神经细胞中的九个钠通道， 其中三个——Nav1. 7、Nav1.8 和 Nav1. 9——被认为在疼痛传递中起着最重要的作用。