We incorporate social categories into our understanding of language.

我们将社会类别纳入我们对语言的理解。

Based on these interviews, Coleman identified four main social categories.

基于这些访谈，科尔曼确定了四个主要的社会类别。

So social categories really influence the way that we understand language.

因此，社会类别确实影响着我们理解语言的方式。

Race is a social category that has staggering biological consequences, but because of the impact of social inequality on people's health.

种族应该是一个社会学分类，却在生物学领域产生了非常严重的后果，社会不平等问题 会对民众健康造成直接冲击。

Some norms promote endogamy, or marriage between people of same social category.

一些规范提倡同族通婚，或同一社会阶层的人之间的婚姻。

And with these social categories came social prescriptions – behaviors that were expected of people in those groups.

伴随这些社会类别而来的是社会处方——这些群体中的人所期望的行为。

Interracial marriage is an example of exogamy, or marriage between people of different social categories.

异族通婚是异族通婚或不同社会类别的人之间通婚的一个例子。

Well, other social categories were harder to tell.

好吧，其他社会类别更难分辨。

And oftentimes this is because it's really hard to isolate social categories when we're thinking about human beings.

通常这是因为当我们思考人类时，很难区分社会类别。

Language and social categories are intricately connected, and we bring so much baggage to the way that we understand language.

语言和社会类别错综复杂地联系在一起，我们给理解语言的方式带来了太多包袱。

And so, once they finished that task, we asked them the importance of different social categories in doing that task.

因此，一旦他们完成了这项任务，我们就询问他们不同社会类别在完成这项任务中的重要性。

And what this allows us to do is really create a human out of something that's not there and see which social categories go along with that.

这使我们能够做的是真正从不存在的东西中创造出一个人，看看哪些社会类别与之相伴。

Now, since nothing about the recording changed, that means that it was the social categories that we gave the listeners that changed the way they perceived language.

现在， 由于录音没有任何变化，这意味着我们给听众的社会类别改变了他们感知语言的方式。

And what was also very interesting about that study was that we found that gender was also the most predictive social category in how humanlike that rock was seen to be.

这项研究的另一个非常有趣的地方是，我们发现性别也是最能预测岩石是否像人类的社会类别。

So, how important was gender while you were creating a rock, how important was race or age or sexual orientation, a number of different social categories that are usually important when we look at a human being.

所以，当你创造一块石头时，性别有多重要，种族、年龄或性取向有多重要，当我们看待一个人时，许多不同的社会类别通常很重要。

So I hope that that person, just like you, will have reflected on the naturalized links between language and social categories and will have questioned their assumptions about what it really means to be a speaker of a language.

所以我希望那个人， 就像你一样，会反思语言和社会类别之间的自然联系， 并且会质疑他们关于成为一种语言的人真正意味着什么的假设。