单指令流多数据流（英语：Single Instruction Multiple Data，缩写：SIMD）是一种采用一个控制器来控制多个处理器，同时对一组数据（又称“数据矢量”）中的每一个分别执行相同的操作从而实现空间上的并行性的技术。

在微处理器中，单指令流多数据流技术则是一个控制器控制多个平行的处理微元，例如Intel的MMX或SSE，以及AMD的3D Now!指令集。

图形处理器（GPU）拥有强大的并行处理能力和可程序流水线，面对单指令流多数据流时，运算能力远超传统CPU。OpenCL和CUDA分别是目前最广泛使用的开源和专利通用图形处理器（GPGPU）运算语言。

Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD), is a class of parallel computers in Flynn's taxonomy. It describes computers with multiple processing elements that perform the same operation on multiple data points simultaneously. Thus, such machines exploit data level parallelism, but not concurrency: there are simultaneous (parallel) computations, but only a single process (instruction) at a given moment. SIMD is particularly applicable to common tasks like adjusting the contrast in a digital image or adjusting the volume of digital audio. Most modern CPU designs include SIMD instructions in order to improve the performance of multimedia use.