These are diseases like sickle cell anemia or beta thalassemia.

比如镰状细胞性贫血或β地中海贫血。

Take sickle cell anemia: The gene behind this condition also protects against malaria.

导致这种疾病的基因也能预防疟疾。

It found that some of the 27 had possible genes for genetic conditions like sickle cell anemia and G6PD deficiency.

研究发现，这27个人中的一些人可能存在镰状细胞性贫血和G6PD缺乏症等遗传病的基因。

Millions suffer from sickle cell anemia because they have a single A to T point mutations in both copies of their hemoglobin gene.

数百万人患有镰状细胞性贫血，因为他们的血红蛋白基因的两个拷贝都有一个A点到T点的突变。

So cutting this already-mutated hemoglobin gene that causes sickle cell anemia won't restore the ability of patients to make healthy red blood cells.

因此，切断这种已经突变的导致镰状细胞贫血的血红蛋白基因不会恢复患者制造健康红细胞的能力。

And then you would be one of hundreds of millions of people with a genetic disease, such as sickle cell anemia or progeria or muscular dystrophy or Tay-Sachs disease.

然后你将成为数亿遗传性疾病患者中的一员，比如镰状细胞性贫血、祖细胞性贫血、肌肉萎缩或泰—萨克斯病。

We were working on pan-coronavirus vaccines, sickle cell anemia gene therapy, malaria with people across the U.S. and in Africa, leptospirosis with people in southeast Asia, vaccines for peanut allergies.

我们在研究泛冠状病毒疫苗，镰状细胞性贫血基因疗法，美国和非洲的疟疾，东南亚的钩端螺旋体病，花生过敏疫苗。

Being a carrier for sickle cell anemia is therefore the best possible genetic option in a malarial environment.

因此，作为镰状细胞性贫血的携带者是疟疾环境中最好的遗传选择。

After the war, Pauling continued his research on blood and became interested in a disease called sickle cell anemia.

战后，鲍林继续他的血液研究， 并对一种叫做镰状细胞性贫血的疾病产生了兴趣。

For conditions caused by a single genetic mutation, like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia, CRISPR offers a potential cure.

对于由单一基因突变引起的疾病，如囊性纤维化或镰状细胞性贫血，CRISPR 提供了一种潜在的治疗方法。

In terms of resisting TB and malaria, the physiological effects of the Tay-Sachs and sickle cell anemia mutations are good.

在抗结核和疟疾方面，Tay-Sachs和镰状细胞性贫血突变的生理效果较好。

Once it makes that cut, we can provide a template to precisely repair the DNA and correct a mutation for muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, or any of the other thousands of inborn genetic diseases.

一旦它完成了切割，我们就可以提供一个模板来精确修复基因，纠正肌肉萎缩症、镰状细胞贫血或任何其他数千种先天性遗传疾病的突变。

So in the future, we will likely have treatments for many terrible diseases, including cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy and sickle cell anemia.

所以在未来，我们可能会找到治疗许多可怕疾病的方法，包括囊性纤维化、肌肉萎缩症和镰状细胞性贫血。

In people who have Sickle Cell Anemia, some of the red blood cells are very stiff and crescent-shaped with pointed ends.

镰状细胞性贫血患者体内的某些红细胞非常坚硬，呈新月形，两端尖。

And it explains, for example, why carriers of sickle cell anemia are more common among some African and Asian populations or those with ancestry from these tropical regions.

它解释了， 例如，为什么镰状细胞性贫血的携带者在一些非洲和亚洲人群或那些有这些热带地区血统的人群中更为常见。

In fact, there is a very dangerous disease called Sickle Cell Anemia where some of the red blood cells are very stiff and crescent-shaped with pointed ends.

实际上，有一种非常危险的疾病称为镰状细胞贫血，其中一些红细胞非常僵硬，呈新月形，两端尖。

Genetic testing can also be done if you have a family history of a genetic condition — such as sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis — or you're in an ethnic group that has a high risk of a specific genetic disorder.

如果你有遗传疾病的家族史——如镰状细胞贫血或囊性纤维化——或者你属于一个患特定遗传疾病风险很高的种族群体，也可以进行基因检测。

It's becoming a reality to correct defective genes in patients with inherited diseases, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, you may know it as the bubble boy syndrome, and sickle cell anemia.

纠正遗传性疾病患者的缺陷基因正在成为现实，例如严重的联合免疫缺陷， 你可能知道它是泡泡男孩综合症和镰状细胞性贫血。

Carriers are less susceptible to malaria, because they make some sickled red blood cells, but they make enough normal red blood cells that they aren't negatively affected by sickle cell anemia.

携带者不易感染疟疾， 因为他们会产生一些镰状红细胞，但他们会产生足够多的正常红细胞， 因此不会受到镰状细胞性贫血的负面影响。

In 1949, he identified the particular problem in the blood – a structural or molecular problem – that caused sickle cell anemia and was one of the first people to work on that important disease.

1949 年，他确定了导致镰状细胞性贫血的血液中的特殊问题——结构或分子问题， 并且是第一批研究这种重要疾病的人之一。