西伯利亚高压或蒙古高压，是一典型的半永久性大陆反气旋中心。由于海陆热力性质差异的缘故，在蒙古、西伯利亚一带形成大范围的冷高压，也因此，在冬季时大陆降温较快，海洋降温则较慢，欧亚大陆之大陆性气候明显，而东亚与太平洋为邻，气流自太平洋流向欧亚大陆，于是在该处形成一高压区。西伯利亚高压是四个北半球主要的季节性大气活动中心之一，在1月份前后达到最强，势力强盛可影响整个欧亚大陆，成为北半球覆盖面积最广的高压。

西伯利亚高压春季东移，盛夏时减弱消失。在其控制下的气团属于极地大陆气团（Pc），冷而干燥，层结稳定，以天气晴朗为主。其于东亚向外吹冬季风，它的存在影响东亚显著，使得当地冬季比同纬度地区更冷；而在秦岭淮河以北仍属极地大陆气团，越过秦岭淮河一线就会变性，成为变性极地大陆气团（NPc），稍较湿润。

The Siberian High (also Siberian Anticyclone) is a massive collection of cold dry air that accumulates on the northeastern part of Eurasian terrain from September till April. It is usually it is centered on Lake Baikal. It reaches its greatest size and strength in the winter, when the air temperature near the center of the high-pressure cell is often lower than −40 °C (−40 °F). The atmospheric pressure is often above 1,040 millibars (31 inHg). The Siberian High is the strongest semi-permanent high in the northern hemisphere and is responsible for both the lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere, of −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) on 15 January 1885 at Verkhoyansk, and the highest pressure, 1083.8 mbar (108.38 kPa, 32.01 inHg) at Agata, Krasnoyarsk Krai on 31 December 1968, ever recorded. The Siberian High is responsible both for severe winter cold and attendant dry conditions with little snow and few or no glaciers across Siberia, Mongolia and China. During the summer, the Siberian High is largely replaced by the Asiatic low.