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单词 Shudra
释义

Shudra

原声例句
世界史 Crash Course

His mouth became the Brahmin, his two arms were made into the Kshatriya; his two thighs the vaisyas; from his two feet the shudra was born.

他的嘴变成了婆罗门, 他的两只手臂变成了刹帝利;他的两条大腿是维西亚斯; 首陀罗从他的两只脚诞生了。

中文百科

首陀罗

首陀罗梵文:शूद्रŚūdra),又译戍陀罗,是印度教的第四个种姓,最早可以被追溯到《梨俱吠陀》的原人歌,在《摩奴法论》中也有他们的特殊规定。在《摩奴法论》及之后的文献,创建了四个种姓的社会阶级理论,在这个理论中,首陀罗是最低层级的种姓。

颜色是黑色,地位极低,比首陀罗更低的是被称为「不可接触民」的旃荼罗阶层。首陀罗是由被雅利安人打败的达罗毗荼人构成。这个种姓由农民、高级佣人和工匠组成,是人口最多的种姓(占人口50%)。

首陀罗后来因为反婆罗门教的印度东部的不同教派兴起,地位得以提升,原本的位置由旃荼罗(caṇḍāla)填补(贱民)。旃荼罗(或旃陀罗)是比首陀罗更低的种姓,多从事屠夫和刽子手等职业,被称为不可接触者(untouchables)。等。

英语百科

Shudra 首陀罗

Shudra is the fourth varna, whose mythological origins are described in the Purusha Sukta of the Rig veda, one of the sacred texts of Hinduism, and later explained in the Manusmṛti. This latter text defines society as comprising four groups, sometimes also called chaturvarna, of which the other three are Brahmins (priests), Kshatriya (those with governing functions) and Vaishya (agriculturalists, cattle rearers and traders). According to this ancient text, the Shudra perform functions of serving the other three varna.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 15:51:38