霰弹枪定序法（Shotgun sequencing，又称鸟枪法）是一种广泛使用的为长DNA测序的方法，比传统的定序法快速，但精确度较差。曾经使用于塞雷拉基因组（Celera Genomics）公司所主持的人类基因组计划。

霰弹枪测序法的思想是将基因组打断为数百万个DNA片断，然后用一定的算法将片断的串行信息重新集成在一起，从而得到整个基因组串行。为了提高这一方法的效率，1980年代，测序和片断信息集成达到了自动化。这一方法虽然已被用于串行长达6百万个碱基对的细菌基因组测序，但对于人类基因组中3千万个碱基对的串行测定，这一技术能否成功在当时还未有定论。

In genetics, shotgun sequencing, also known as shotgun cloning, is a method used for sequencing long DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random firing pattern of a shotgun.

The chain termination method of DNA sequencing (or "Sanger sequencing" for its developer Frederick Sanger) can only be used for fairly short strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs. Longer sequences are subdivided into smaller fragments that can be sequenced separately, and subsequently they are re-assembled to give the overall sequence. Two principal methods are used for this: primer walking (or "chromosome walking") which progresses through the entire strand piece by piece, and shotgun sequencing which is a faster but more complex process that uses random fragments.