沙勒姆·亚拉克姆（意第绪语：שלום־עליכם, 俄语和乌克兰语：Шолом-Алейхем，1859年3月2日－1916年5月13日），又译肖洛姆－阿莱汉姆，原名Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich(肖洛姆·诺胡莫维奇·拉比诺维奇)，沙勒姆·亚拉克姆是其笔名。生于乌克兰，犹太裔俄国作家，1906年后定居美国。主要作品长篇小说《斯杰姆别纽》、《莺喉伊奥谢列》，书信体小说《美纳汉·曼德尔》，中篇小说《卖牛奶的台维》和《莫吐儿》等，及300多部短篇和戏剧作品，代表作有《屋顶上的提琴手》。

Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem (Yiddish and Hebrew:שלום־עליכם‎; Russian and Ukrainian:Шоло́м-Але́йхем) (March 2 [O.S. February 18] 1859 – May 13, 1916), was a leading Yiddish author and playwright. The musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on his stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe. (The Hebrew phrase "Shalom [or Sholem according to dialect] Aleichem" literally means "Peace be upon you", and is a greeting in traditional Hebrew and Yiddish, surviving in attenuated form in the modern Hebrew "Shalom" [Peace], the normal greeting in modern Israel).