舍尔沙（普什图语：شیر شاہ سوری‎ - Šīr Šāh Sūrī，1472年－1545年）是印度比哈尔一带的一名阿富汗普什图人，杰出的军事家，苏尔帝国的创建者，莫卧儿帝国的重要对手。舍尔沙将鼎盛中的莫卧儿第二任皇帝胡马雍赶出了印度，使其流亡阿富汗。1545年，舍尔沙在进攻卡兰贾尔堡时死于意外的火药爆炸。死后其继承者被胡马雍推翻，莫卧儿帝国卷土重来。

Sher Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545)(Pashto:شېر شاه سوري‎) was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then as the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Khan overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun.