ESRI Shapefile（shp），或简称shapefile，是美国环境系统研究所公司（ESRI）开发的一种空间数据开放格式。目前，该文档格式已经成为了地理信息软件界的一个开放标准，这表明ESRI公司在全球的地理信息系统市场的重要性。Shapefile也是一种重要的交换格式，它能够在ESRI与其他公司的产品之间进行数据互操作。

Shapefile文档用于描述几何体对象：点，折线与多边形。例如，Shapefile文档可以存储井、河流、湖泊等空间对象的几何位置。除了几何位置，shp文档也可以存储这些空间对象的属性，例如一条河流的名字，一个城市的温度等等。

The shapefile format is a popular geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a (mostly) open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products. The shapefile format can spatially describe vector features: points, lines, and polygons, representing, for example, water wells, rivers, and lakes. Each item usually has attributes that describe it, such as name or temperature.