川柳（日文：せんりゅう）是日本诗的其中一种，与俳句一样，也是17个音节，按照5、7、5的顺序排列。

以口语为主。没有季语、助动词（日文：切れ字）的限制，比较自由，多用于表达心情，或者讽刺政治或时事。

江户时代，吴陵轩可有在柄井川柳所选出的句子中选出，并于『诽风柳多留』（日文：はいふうやなぎだる）刊行，因而得名。而在同一时期，有很多描写人情的微妙、心的变化的诗句。柄井川柳死后，每年都会刊行『诽风柳多留』，直到幕末（1838年、天保9年）为止，一共刊行了167编。18世纪末的宽政改革下，『诽风柳多留』受到审查，并移除政治、博打、好色等破坏风气的诗句。

Senryū(川柳, literally 'river willow') is a Japanese form of short poetry similar to haiku in construction: three lines with 17 or fewer total morae (or "on", often translated as syllables, but see the article on onji for distinctions). Senryū tend to be about human foibles while haiku tend to be about nature, and senryū are often cynical or darkly humorous while haiku are more serious. Unlike haiku, senryū do not include a kireji (cutting word), and do not generally include a kigo, or season word.