What can the government do to nudge that market selection pressure one way or the other.

政府能做些什么以一种或另一种方式来推动市场选择压力呢?

For a long time, researchers believed that shrinking was caused only by selection pressure… because of a principle in ecology called Bergmann's Rule.

很长一段时间以来，研究人员认为物种萎缩只是由于选择压力造成的，这是因为生态学中有一个叫做伯格曼法则的原理。

Unfortunately, such promiscuous use of drugs is the best way to put selection pressure on the worms and encourage the evolution of resistant strains.

不幸的是，这样的预防性用药是在寄生虫身上施加选择压力的最佳方法，能够促进抗药品种的进化。

What can the government do to nudge that market selection pressure one way or the other.

SM：政府可以做些什么来以某种方式推动市场选择压力。

Evolution can be convoluted, and we don't  know how much each type of selection pressure contributed to the overall process.

进化可能是复杂的，我们不知道每种类型的选择压力对整个过程的贡献有多大。

But cold-blooded animals don't generate body heat, and they're shrinking too… which means that selection pressure for conserving body heat isn't the only thing at play.

但冷血动物不产生体温，它们的体型也在缩小，这意味着保存体温的选择压力并不是唯一起作用的东西。

Selection pressure consists of changes that pass from one generation to the next because they're advantageous to survival… while developmental plasticity describes changes that happen during an animal's life due to environmental conditions.

选择压力包括从一代传到下一代的变化，因为它们有利于生存… … 而发育可塑性描述的是动物一生中由于环境条件而发生的变化。

The finding should lead to new strategies to fight drug resistance. And it could also improve our take on evolutionary dynamics, in systems that apparently experience selection pressure at both the individual and group levels.

此项发现让我们可以研究新的策略来对付抗药性。此外，它还完善了我们进化动力学，以及在物竞天择压力下的个体与群体的生物系统。

The researchers started from the premise that densely populated cities would be good places for infectious diseases, which could spread easily from person to person. That situation should have set up selection pressure for the ability to survive such infections.

研究人员首先假定，人口密集的城市是传染性疾病的温床，使人际之间的疾病传染更为容易。当然，这一环境必须建立能够抵抗这类传染病并存活下来的选择压力。